Operasi Baris Elementer
A. Operasi Baris Elementer
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- Baris pada matriks dapat dipertukarkan
\(\begin{pmatrix} {\color{red}1} & {\color{red}2} & {\color{red}3} \\ {\color{blue}4} & {\color{blue}5} & {\color{blue}6} \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \\ \end{pmatrix} \rightarrow \begin{pmatrix} {\color{blue}4} & {\color{blue}5} & {\color{blue}6} \\ {\color{red}1} & {\color{red}2} & {\color{red}3} \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
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- Baris pada matriks dapat dikali dengan konstanta bukan nol
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ {\color{red}7} & {\color{red}8} & {\color{red}9} \\ \end{pmatrix} \rightarrow \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ {\color{red}14} & {\color{red}16} & {\color{red}18}\\ \end{pmatrix}\)
Baris ketiga dikali 2 \((2 \times R_3)\)
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- Baris pada matriks dapat dijumlah/dikurangi dengan baris lainnya
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \\ \end{pmatrix} \rightarrow \begin{pmatrix} {\color{red}-7} & {\color{red}-8} & {\color{red}-9} \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
Baris pertama dikurangi oleh dua kali baris kedua \((R_1 - 2R_2)\)
B. Efek Operasi Baris Elementer pada Determinan
Operasi baris elementer pada suatu matriks akan mengubah nilai determinan dari matriks tersebut dengan cara:
Tindakan | Perubahan Pada Nilai Determinan |
Menukar salah satu baris dengan baris lainnya | Determinan dikali −1 |
Mengalikan salah satu baris dengan konstanta k | Determinan dikali k |
Menambah/mengurangi salah satu baris dengan baris lainnya | Tidak ada perubahan |
C. Operasi Baris Elementer Untuk Menentukan Invers Matriks (Eliminasi Gauss-Jordan)
\(\text{Menentukan invers matriks }\begin{pmatrix}0 & -3 & -2 \\1 & -4 & -2 \\-3 & 4 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \text{ dengan metode eliminasi Gauss-Jordan}\)
Akan dilakukan operasi baris elementer untuk mengubah matriks seperti di bawah ini:
\(\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -3 & -2 & | & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & -4 & -2 & | & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ -3 & 4 & 1 & | & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \xrightarrow {\text{operasi baris elementer}} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & | & ? & ? & ? \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & | & ? & ? & ? \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & ? & ? & ? \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
Eliminasi Gauss-Jordan
\(\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -3 & -2 & | & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & -4 & -2 & | & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ -3 & 4 & 1 & | & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow{R_1 \text{ ditukar dengan }R_2} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -4 & -2 & | & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -3 & -2 & | & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ -3 & 4 & 1 & | & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -4 & -2 & | & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -3 & -2 & | & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ -3 & 4 & 1 & | & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow{R_3 + 3R_1} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -4 & -2 & | & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -3 & -2 & | & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -8 & -5 & | & 0 & 3 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -4 & -2 & | & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -3 & -2 & | & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -8 & -5 & | & 0 & 3 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow{-\frac{1}{3}R_2} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -4 & -2 & | & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -8 & -5 & | & 0 & 3 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -4 & -2 & | & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -8 & -5 & | & 0 & 3 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow[R_1 + 4R_2]{R_3 + 8 R_2} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{4}{3} & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} & | & -\frac{8}{3} & 3 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{4}{3} & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} & | & -\frac{8}{3} & 3 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow{3R_3} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{4}{3} & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & -8 & 9 & 3 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{4}{3} & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & \frac{2}{3} & | & -\frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & -8 & 9 & 3 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow[R_1 - \frac{2}{3}R_3]{R_2 - \frac{2}{3}R_3} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & | & 4 & -5 & -2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & | & 5 & -6 & -2 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & -8 & 9 & 3 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
Invers matriks adalah \(\begin{pmatrix} 4 & -5 & -2 \\ 5 & -6 & -2 \\ -8 & 9 & 3 \end{pmatrix}\)
D. Operasi Baris Elementer Untuk Menyelesaikan Sistem Persamaan (Eliminasi Gauss-Jordan)
Selesaikan sistem persamaan di bawah ini:
\begin{equation*} \begin{split} 7x + 2y + z & = 21\\ 3y - z & = 5\\ -3x + 4y -2z & = -1 \end{split} \end{equation*}
Akan dilakukan operasi baris elementer untuk mengubah matriks seperti di bawah ini:
\(\begin{pmatrix} 7 & 2 & 1 & | & 21 \\ 0 & 3 & -1 & | & 5 \\ -3 & 4 & -2 & | & -1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \xrightarrow {\text{operasi baris elementer}} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & | & ? \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & | & ? \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & ? \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
Operasi baris elementer
\(\begin{pmatrix} 7 & 2 & 1 & | & 21 \\ 0 & 3 & -1 & | & 5 \\ -3 & 4 & -2 & | & -1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow{\frac{1}{7} R_1} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & \frac{2}{7} & \frac{2}{7} & | & 3 \\ 0 & 3 & -1 & | & 5 \\ -3 & 4 & -2 & | & -1 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & \frac{2}{7} & \frac{1}{7} & | & 3 \\ 0 & 3 & -1 & | & 5 \\ -3 & 4 & -2 & | & -1 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow{R_3 + 3R_1} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & \frac{2}{7} & \frac{1}{7} & | & 3 \\ 0 & 3 & -1 & | & 5 \\ 0 & \frac{34}{7} & -\frac{11}{7} & | & 8 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & \frac{2}{7} & \frac{1}{7} & | & 3 \\ 0 & 3 & -1 & | & 5 \\ 0 & \frac{34}{7} & -\frac{11}{7} & | & 8 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow{\frac{1}{3}R_2} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & \frac{2}{7} & \frac{1}{7} & | & 3 \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{1}{3} & | & \frac{5}{3} \\ 0 & \frac{34}{7} & -\frac{11}{7} & | & 8 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & \frac{2}{7} & \frac{1}{7} & | & 3 \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{1}{3} & | & \frac{5}{3} \\ 0 & \frac{34}{7} & -\frac{11}{7} & | & 8 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow[R_3 - \frac{34}{7}R_2]{R_1 - \frac{2}{7} R_2} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & \frac{5}{21} & | & \frac{53}{21} \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{1}{3} & | & \frac{5}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{21} & | & -\frac{2}{21} \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & \frac{5}{21} & | & \frac{53}{21} \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{1}{3} & | & \frac{5}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{21} & | & -\frac{2}{21} \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow{21R_3} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & \frac{5}{21} & | & \frac{53}{21} \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{1}{3} & | & \frac{5}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & -2 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & \frac{5}{21} & | & \frac{53}{21} \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{1}{3} & | & \frac{5}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & -2 \\ \end{pmatrix} \\ \xrightarrow[R_2 + \frac{1}{3}R_3]{R_1 - \frac{5}{21}R_3} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & | & 3 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & | & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & -2 \\ \end{pmatrix}\)
\(x = 3, y = 1, z = -2\)
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