Tatanama Senyawa

 

A. Kation (ion positif)

Kation adalah muatan positif, yang terbentuk saat atom/molekul kekurangan elektron. Jika atom X melepaskan 1 elektron, akan membentuk ion positif \(\ce{X+}\). Jika atom X melepaskan 2 elektron, akan membentuk ion positif  \(\ce{X^{2+}}\). Dan seterusnya.

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh kation:

Unsur Kation Nama
Golongan IA \(\ce{Li}\) \(\ce{Li+}\) Litium
\(\ce{Na}\) \(\ce{Na+}\) Natrium
\(\ce{K}\) \(\ce{K+}\) Kalium (potasium)
\(\ce{Rb}\) \(\ce{Rb+}\) Rubium
\(\ce{Cs}\) \(\ce{Cs+}\) Cesium
Golongan IIA \(\ce{Mg}\) \(\ce{Mg^{2+}}\) Magnesium
\(\ce{Ca}\) \(\ce{Ca^{2+}}\) Kalsium
\(\ce{Sr}\) \(\ce{Sr^{2+}}\) Stronsium
\(\ce{Ba}\) \(\ce{Ba^{2+}}\) Barium
Golongan IIIA \(\ce{Al}\) \(\ce{Al^{3+}}\) Alumunium
\(\ce{Ga}\) \(\ce{Ga^{3+}}\) Galium
\(\ce{In}\) \(\ce{In^{3+}}\) Indium
\(\ce{Tl}\) \(\ce{Tl^{3+}}\) Talium
Golongan IVA \(\ce{Sn}\) \(\ce{Sn^{2+}}\) Timah (II)
\(\ce{Sn}\) \(\ce{Sn^{4+}}\) Timah (IV)
\(\ce{Pb}\) \(\ce{Pb^{2+}}\) Timbal (II)
\(\ce{Pb}\) \(\ce{Pb^{4+}}\) Timbal (IV)
Golongan B \(\ce{Ag}\) \(\ce{Ag+}\) Perak
\(\ce{Ni}\) \(\ce{Ni^{2+}}\) Nikel
\(\ce{Cd}\) \(\ce{Cd^{2+}}\) Cadmium
\(\ce{Zn}\) \(\ce{Zn^{2+}}\) Seng
\(\ce{Cr}\) \(\ce{Cr^{3+}}\) Kromium
\(\ce{Pt}\) \(\ce{Pt^{4+}}\) Platina
\(\ce{Cu}\) \(\ce{Cu^{+}}\) Tembaga (I)
\(\ce{Cu^{2+}}\) Tembaga (II)
\(\ce{Hg}\) \(\ce{Hg^{+}}\) Raksa (I)
\(\ce{Hg^{2+}}\) Raksa (II)
\(\ce{Au}\) \(\ce{Au^{+}}\) Emas (I)
\(\ce{Au^{3+}}\) Emas (III)
\(\ce{Fe}\) \(\ce{Fe^{2+}}\) Besi (II)
\(\ce{Fe^{3+}}\) Besi (III)
\(\ce{Co}\) \(\ce{Co^{2+}}\) Kobalt (II)
\(\ce{Co^{3+}}\) Kobalt (III)
Kation lainnya \(\ce{NH4+}\) Amonium

 

 

B. Anion (ion negatif)

Anion adalah muatan negatif, yang dihasilkan saat atom/molekul kelebihan elektron. Jika atom X menerima 1 elektron, akan membentuk ion negatif \(\ce{X-}\). Jika atom X menerima 2 elektron, akan membentuk ion negatif \(\ce{X^{2-}}\). Dan seterusnya.

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh anion:

Anion Nama
Golongan IVA \(\ce{CO3^{2-}}\) Karbonat
\(\ce{SiO3^{2-}}\) Silikat
Golongan VA \(\ce{NO2^{-}}\) Nitrit
\(\ce{NO3^{-}}\) Nitrat
\(\ce{PO3^{2-}}\) Fosfit
\(\ce{PO4^{2-}}\) Fosfat
\(\ce{AsO3^{2-}}\) Arsenit
\(\ce{AsO4^{2-}}\) Arsenat
\(\ce{SbO3^{2-}}\) Antimonit
\(\ce{SbO4^{2-}}\) Antimonat
Golongan VIA \(\ce{O^{2-}}\) Oksida
\(\ce{S^{2-}}\) Sulfida
\(\ce{SO3^{2-}}\) Sulfit
\(\ce{SO4^{2-}}\) Sulfat
Golongan VIIA \(\ce{F-}\) Fluorida
\(\ce{Cl-}\) Klorida
\(\ce{ClO-}\) Hipoklorit
\(\ce{ClO2-}\) Klorit
\(\ce{ClO3-}\) Klorat
\(\ce{ClO4-}\) Perklorat
\(\ce{Br-}\) Bromida
\(\ce{BrO4-}\) Bromat
\(\ce{I-}\) Iodida
\(\ce{IO4-}\) Iodat
Anion lainnya \(\ce{OH-}\) Hidroksida
\(\ce{CN-}\) Sianida
\(\ce{CH3COO-}\) Asetat
\(\ce{HCO3-}\) Bikarbonat
\(\ce{MnO4-}\) Permanganat
\(\ce{MnO4^{2-}}\) Manganat
\(\ce{CrO4^{2-}}\) Kromat
\(\ce{Cr2O7^{2-}}\) Dikromat
(Next Lesson) Senyawa ionik