Teks di bawah ini digunakan untuk menjawab soal No 01 - 03

 

Sunny Posted: 04 September 2022, 06:15 PM	School is the place where children start their journey towards a competitive life. However, it seems like it is high time that school authorities should take some steps to control the competition. So, should competition be moderated in schools?
Ardillo_87 Posted: 05 September 2022, 07:45 AM	A fish and a bird cannot compete as they have  different strengths, and it is the same case with the students.
Mohades_002 Posted: 07 September 2022, 06:49 AM	Competition is a part of life, and whether the school or children want it or not, it will always exist. No one can moderate or control competition.
Harish Kumar Posted: 07 September 022, 09:54 AM	Competition plays a major role in shaping up students' personality. However, too much of it is bad. It often leads to students getting involved in all kinds of wrong things just for the sake of winning. Competition in schools must be moderated so that healthy competition persists among the students.
Lexi_122 Posted: 10 September 2022, 05:32 PM	Schools can keep children away from competition  for some time but sooner or later children have to face it. Schools and teachers take the responsibility to explain to children the meaning of healthy competition.
Deepa Kaushik Posted: 11 September 2022, 05:32 PM	Competition is one good way to track performance. Only a serious competition can make children understand the value of hard work that leads to success.

Teks di bawah ini digunakan untuk menjawab soal No 04 - 06

 

TEXT 1

In 2010, researchers estimated that 8 billion kg of plastic entered the ocean in a single year, and that number would sharply increase by 2025. When it enters the ocean, plastic waste disrupts marine ecosystems, travels to central locations, and forms a trash island which can cover an area of more than 1.6 million square km. These plastics never degrade, but rather break up into smaller sizes. They eventually become microplastics that stay in the environment for hundreds of years.

Scientists at the University of California San Diego have invented a new biodegradable material that is designed to replace the commonly used plastics. The material started to biodegrade in seawater within four weeks. The team found that various marine organisms colonize the material and break it into nutrients for their consumption.

The research of this new plastic is joined by experts in biology, chemistry, and marine science. They have shown that it is possible to make durable plastics that also can degrade in the ocean. Plastics should not be going into the ocean in the first place. But now, if they do, this new plastic can become food for microorganisms and not harmful trash.

Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/09/220922103215.htm

 

 

TEXT 2

 

Plastic is everywhere and important to the growth of many industries, such as packaging, building, and automotive. About 83.5% of consumer products rely on plastic in some ways. Food without plastic packaging would spoil long before it reaches consumers’ fridges. PVC pipes made of plastic are an essential building part that reduce leakage and corrosion to conserve water and energy. Plastics make cars dramatically
lighter, which increases fuel efficiency.

Researchers have been working to improve the plastic recycling process since it was realized that plastic was harming the environment. Recycling plastic not only helps the environment and reduces trash, but it also creates more jobs. The recycling sector generates up to 30 times more jobs than the common disposal sector. In fact, Tellus Institute reports that over 1.5 million new jobs would be created if the national recycling rate could be increased to 75%.

Modern recycling techniques can transform plastic into more useful products. Some experts have seen the opportunity to make jet fuel from plastic. However, even a simple recycling strategy has commercial benefits. Over 3 million plastic bottles have already been converted into pillow fillers by IHG Hotels & Resorts. Customers are happy to sleep well and use a product that benefits the environment, according to IHG. And it is all thanks to plastic.

(Adapted from: https://thisisplastics.com/economics/a-web-of-wealth-the-economic-benefits-of-plastics/)

Teks di bawah ini digunakan untuk menjawab soal No 07 - 10

 

Text 1

 

You’ve been working and saving for decades for just this moment: retirement. Even though you may be ready to stop working full-time, now comes the hard part: letting yourself use your savings, since you no  longer will be bringing in that paycheck, which until now has covered your monthly expenses. Making the psychological shift from saver to spender is no small effort for most people.

“Now you have this lump sum and have to draw it down. For some it’s almost physically painful,” said David John, a senior strategic policy advisor. Unpredictable factors like market performance, life expectancy and health issues make spending your money easier said than done. That’s why people may be hesitant to tap their savings because they think, “I have X dollars and it has to last me my whole life, but I have a  very uncertain future. So, if I touch that I’m putting myself at risk.”

Research shows that among retirees with savings, many do not draw down very much, choosing instead to live off fixed sources of funds, such as Social Security or pensions or income from part-time work they take up. A study found that the vast majority of retirees in America still have at least 80% of their savings after two decades in retirement. No doubt this is partly because they are among the last generation of
workers to benefit from corporate pensions.

The psychological reluctance to tap one’s savings is a factor for most people regardless of their financial condition. It may become more acute for soon-to-be retirees as they face inflation, unstable markets and a lack of pensions, John said. They’re trying to figure out who they are now that their primary career is over and figuring out what they can and can’t do financially.

Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/03/business/money/spending-savings-in-retirement-psychologicaladjustment/index.html

 

 

Test 2

 

It’s hard to manage your money well in retirement unless you’re realistic about what you have. The first thing to do is to make a budget and sketch out a plan to cover your expenses.

Before retiring, keep track of your spending and regular expenses, like housing, food, health care, etc. Then assess how those expenses might change in retirement (e.g., if you plan to move to a less expensive home or area; and if your insurance costs will be subsidized by your old employer).

You should also consider paying for a child’s wedding, buying a car, or taking a major vacation. Then assess what fixed income you will have come in (e.g., Social Security or pension payments). The difference  between your expected spending and your fixed income is the amount you will need to draw from your savings.

It would also help to consult with a professional. A financial advisor can help you strategize how to manage and use your money in the years ahead. The one common feeling is that people say they are overwhelmed with all the choices they need to make to live off their savings in retirement. With the different types of accounts many have, the potential for penalties and higher taxes if withdrawals are taken incorrectly and sorting out how their investments may need to shift for retirement income, it can be a lot for a new retiree to get their head around.

Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/03/business/money/spending-savings-in-retirement-psychologicaladjustment/index.html